Protan
Protan is a proteinaceous domain derived from the C-terminal part of the lactococcal cell-wall hydrolase AcmA that binds to peptidoglycan (PGN). Mucosis scientists have generated a versatile plug and play toolbox of expression vectors that allow easy insertion of any proteinaceous antigen to produce antigen-Protan fusions in a wide variety of expression organisms, including eukaryotic cells. The use of a secretion peptide (SP) preceding the Ag-Protan fusion allows for the harvesting of the fusion protein from the growth medium (B). Purified Ag-Protan fusions bind instantly to BLPs upon mixing. The binding is non-covalent but highly stable. The resulting antigen-covered BLPs constitute the final Mimopath® vaccine that is delivered to humans via the mucosal layers of the nose (spray) or mouth (capsule), without the need for an injection (C).

Andre G, Leenhouts K, Hols P, Dufrêne YF. Detection and localization of single LysM-peptidoglycan interactions. J. Bacteriol. 2008; 190:7079–7086.
Zeng G, Chen J, Zhong L, Wang R, Jiang L, Cai J, Yan L, Huang D, Chen CY, Chen ZW. NSOM- and AFM-based nanotechnology elucidates nano-structural and atomic-force features of a Y. pestis V immunogen-containing particle vaccine capable of eliciting robust response. Proteomics 2009; 9:1538-1547.